[
  {
    "slug": "desu",
    "pattern": "～です",
    "structure": "Noun / na-adj / i-adj + です",
    "meaning_id": "adalah / merupakan (kopula sopan)",
    "meaning_en": "is / am / are (polite)",
    "nuance": "Kopula sopan dasar. Bentuk lampau だった/でした, negatif じゃない/じゃありません.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "copula",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "私は学生です。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は<ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby>です。",
        "translation_id": "Saya adalah pelajar.",
        "translation_en": "I am a student."
      },
      {
        "japanese": "この本は面白いです。",
        "furigana": "この<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>は<ruby>面白<rt>おもしろ</rt></ruby>いです。",
        "translation_id": "Buku ini menarik.",
        "translation_en": "This book is interesting."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "da",
    "pattern": "～だ",
    "structure": "Noun / na-adj + だ",
    "meaning_id": "adalah (bentuk biasa/casual dari です)",
    "meaning_en": "is / am / are (plain)",
    "nuance": "Bentuk biasa dari です. Digunakan dalam percakapan kasual, novel, atau tulisan ilmiah.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "copula",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "彼は先生だ。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>彼<rt>かれ</rt></ruby>は<ruby>先生<rt>せんせい</rt></ruby>だ。",
        "translation_id": "Dia adalah guru.",
        "translation_en": "He is a teacher."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ja-arimasen",
    "pattern": "～じゃありません",
    "structure": "Noun / na-adj + じゃありません / ではありません",
    "meaning_id": "bukan / tidak (negatif sopan dari です)",
    "meaning_en": "is not / am not / are not",
    "nuance": "ではありません lebih formal; じゃありません lebih santai sehari-hari.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "copula",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "私は日本人じゃありません。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は<ruby>日本人<rt>にほんじん</rt></ruby>じゃありません。",
        "translation_id": "Saya bukan orang Jepang.",
        "translation_en": "I am not Japanese."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "deshita",
    "pattern": "～でした",
    "structure": "Noun / na-adj + でした",
    "meaning_id": "adalah (lampau, sopan)",
    "meaning_en": "was / were (polite past)",
    "nuance": "Bentuk lampau dari です untuk noun dan na-adjective.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "copula",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "昨日は休みでした。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>昨日<rt>きのう</rt></ruby>は<ruby>休<rt>やす</rt></ruby>みでした。",
        "translation_id": "Kemarin adalah hari libur.",
        "translation_en": "Yesterday was a day off."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "wa-particle",
    "pattern": "～は",
    "structure": "Noun + は + (predikat)",
    "meaning_id": "partikel topik: 'mengenai ~'",
    "meaning_en": "topic marker",
    "nuance": "Menandai topik kalimat, sering diterjemahkan sebagai 'sih', 'kalau', atau dihilangkan.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "私は田中です。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は<ruby>田中<rt>たなか</rt></ruby>です。",
        "translation_id": "Saya Tanaka.",
        "translation_en": "I am Tanaka."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ga-particle",
    "pattern": "～が",
    "structure": "Noun + が + (predikat)",
    "meaning_id": "partikel subjek (informasi baru) / 'yang ~'",
    "meaning_en": "subject marker (new info)",
    "nuance": "Menandai subjek baru / penting. Juga digunakan untuk objek dari adjektiva 好き・嫌い・上手 dll.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "猫が好きです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>猫<rt>ねこ</rt></ruby>が<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya suka kucing.",
        "translation_en": "I like cats."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "wo-particle",
    "pattern": "～を",
    "structure": "Noun + を + Verb",
    "meaning_id": "partikel objek langsung",
    "meaning_en": "direct object marker",
    "nuance": "Menandai objek dari kata kerja transitif. Juga menunjukkan tempat yang dilewati (例: 道を歩く).",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "ご飯を食べます。",
        "furigana": "ご<ruby>飯<rt>はん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya makan nasi.",
        "translation_en": "I eat rice."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ni-time",
    "pattern": "～に (waktu)",
    "structure": "Time-noun + に + Verb",
    "meaning_id": "pada (waktu spesifik)",
    "meaning_en": "at / on (specific time)",
    "nuance": "Untuk waktu spesifik (jam, hari, tanggal). Tidak digunakan untuk 今日/明日/昨日.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "七時に起きます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>七時<rt>しちじ</rt></ruby>に<ruby>起<rt>お</rt></ruby>きます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya bangun jam 7.",
        "translation_en": "I wake up at 7."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ni-direction",
    "pattern": "～に (tujuan)",
    "structure": "Place-noun + に + Verb-gerakan",
    "meaning_id": "ke (tempat tujuan)",
    "meaning_en": "to (destination)",
    "nuance": "Menyatakan tujuan gerakan. Bisa diganti へ.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "学校に行きます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>学校<rt>がっこう</rt></ruby>に<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>きます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya pergi ke sekolah.",
        "translation_en": "I go to school."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "de-place",
    "pattern": "～で (tempat aksi)",
    "structure": "Place-noun + で + Verb",
    "meaning_id": "di (tempat melakukan aksi)",
    "meaning_en": "at / in (place of action)",
    "nuance": "Tempat berlangsungnya aksi. Bedakan dengan に yang menandai keberadaan/tujuan.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "図書館で勉強します。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>図書館<rt>としょかん</rt></ruby>で<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>します。",
        "translation_id": "Saya belajar di perpustakaan.",
        "translation_en": "I study at the library."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "de-means",
    "pattern": "～で (alat/cara)",
    "structure": "Noun + で + Verb",
    "meaning_id": "dengan / menggunakan",
    "meaning_en": "by / with (means)",
    "nuance": "Menunjukkan alat, cara, atau bahasa yang digunakan.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "電車で行きます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>電車<rt>でんしゃ</rt></ruby>で<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>きます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya pergi dengan kereta.",
        "translation_en": "I go by train."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "to-with",
    "pattern": "～と",
    "structure": "Noun + と + Verb / Noun",
    "meaning_id": "dengan / dan",
    "meaning_en": "with / and (exhaustive)",
    "nuance": "と untuk daftar lengkap (vs や untuk daftar parsial). Juga 'bersama dengan'.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "友達と映画を見ました。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>友達<rt>ともだち</rt></ruby>と<ruby>映画<rt>えいが</rt></ruby>を<ruby>見<rt>み</rt></ruby>ました。",
        "translation_id": "Saya menonton film bersama teman.",
        "translation_en": "I watched a movie with my friend."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ya",
    "pattern": "～や",
    "structure": "Noun + や + Noun + (など)",
    "meaning_id": "dan (daftar tidak lengkap)",
    "meaning_en": "and (non-exhaustive)",
    "nuance": "Hanya menyebutkan sebagian dari daftar. Sering diakhiri など.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "りんごやバナナを買いました。",
        "furigana": "りんごやバナナを<ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>いました。",
        "translation_id": "Saya membeli apel, pisang, dan lain-lain.",
        "translation_en": "I bought apples, bananas, and so on."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "mo",
    "pattern": "～も",
    "structure": "Noun + も",
    "meaning_id": "juga",
    "meaning_en": "also / too",
    "nuance": "Menggantikan は/が/を. Untuk menyatakan tambahan informasi yang sama.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "私も学生です。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>も<ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby>です。",
        "translation_id": "Saya juga pelajar.",
        "translation_en": "I am also a student."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "kara-particle",
    "pattern": "～から (tempat/waktu)",
    "structure": "Noun + から",
    "meaning_id": "dari (titik mulai)",
    "meaning_en": "from",
    "nuance": "Menunjukkan titik awal waktu atau tempat. Berbeda dengan から konjungsi (sebab).",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "九時から働きます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>九時<rt>くじ</rt></ruby>から<ruby>働<rt>はたら</rt></ruby>きます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya bekerja mulai jam 9.",
        "translation_en": "I work from 9 o'clock."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "made",
    "pattern": "～まで",
    "structure": "Noun + まで",
    "meaning_id": "sampai (batas akhir)",
    "meaning_en": "until / up to",
    "nuance": "Menyatakan titik akhir. Sering berpasangan dengan から.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "五時まで会社にいます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>五時<rt>ごじ</rt></ruby>まで<ruby>会社<rt>かいしゃ</rt></ruby>にいます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya di kantor sampai jam 5.",
        "translation_en": "I am at the office until 5."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "no-possessive",
    "pattern": "～の (kepemilikan)",
    "structure": "Noun1 + の + Noun2",
    "meaning_id": "milik / dari (penghubung kata benda)",
    "meaning_en": "of / 's",
    "nuance": "Menghubungkan dua kata benda; menunjukkan kepemilikan, atribut, atau jenis.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "私の本です。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>の<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>です。",
        "translation_id": "Ini buku saya.",
        "translation_en": "This is my book."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ka-question",
    "pattern": "～か",
    "structure": "Kalimat + か",
    "meaning_id": "partikel tanya",
    "meaning_en": "question marker",
    "nuance": "Mengubah pernyataan jadi pertanyaan. Dalam bentuk biasa sering dihilangkan dan diganti intonasi.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "学生ですか。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby>ですか。",
        "translation_id": "Apakah Anda pelajar?",
        "translation_en": "Are you a student?"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ne",
    "pattern": "～ね",
    "structure": "Kalimat + ね",
    "meaning_id": "ya kan / kan (mencari konfirmasi)",
    "meaning_en": "right? / isn't it?",
    "nuance": "Pembicara mengharapkan persetujuan dari pendengar.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "いい天気ですね。",
        "furigana": "いい<ruby>天気<rt>てんき</rt></ruby>ですね。",
        "translation_id": "Cuacanya bagus ya.",
        "translation_en": "Nice weather, isn't it?"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "yo",
    "pattern": "～よ",
    "structure": "Kalimat + よ",
    "meaning_id": "lho / kok (menekankan info baru)",
    "meaning_en": "you know / I tell you",
    "nuance": "Menyampaikan informasi yang pendengar mungkin belum tahu.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "particle",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "雨が降っていますよ。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>雨<rt>あめ</rt></ruby>が<ruby>降<rt>ふ</rt></ruby>っていますよ。",
        "translation_id": "Sedang hujan lho.",
        "translation_en": "It's raining, you know."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "masu",
    "pattern": "～ます",
    "structure": "Verb-stem + ます",
    "meaning_id": "(bentuk sopan kata kerja)",
    "meaning_en": "polite verb form",
    "nuance": "Bentuk sopan/desu-masu. Lampau ました, negatif ません, negatif lampau ませんでした.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "verb-form",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "毎日勉強します。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>毎日勉強<rt>まいにちべんきょう</rt></ruby>します。",
        "translation_id": "Saya belajar setiap hari.",
        "translation_en": "I study every day."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "masen",
    "pattern": "～ません",
    "structure": "Verb-stem + ません",
    "meaning_id": "tidak ~ (negatif sopan)",
    "meaning_en": "do not / does not (polite)",
    "nuance": "Bentuk negatif sopan dari ます.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "verb-form",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "肉を食べません。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>肉<rt>にく</rt></ruby>を<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べません。",
        "translation_id": "Saya tidak makan daging.",
        "translation_en": "I don't eat meat."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "mashita",
    "pattern": "～ました",
    "structure": "Verb-stem + ました",
    "meaning_id": "telah ~ / sudah ~ (lampau sopan)",
    "meaning_en": "did (polite past)",
    "nuance": "Bentuk lampau sopan dari ます.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "verb-form",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "本を読みました。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>みました。",
        "translation_id": "Saya sudah membaca buku.",
        "translation_en": "I read a book."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "te-form",
    "pattern": "～て",
    "structure": "Verb-te",
    "meaning_id": "lalu / dan kemudian (penghubung aksi)",
    "meaning_en": "and / then (verb connector)",
    "nuance": "Menghubungkan dua aksi berurutan. Dasar untuk banyak grammar lain (ている, てください, dll).",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "verb-form",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "起きて、ご飯を食べます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>起<rt>お</rt></ruby>きて、ご<ruby>飯<rt>はん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べます。",
        "translation_id": "Saya bangun lalu makan.",
        "translation_en": "I wake up and then eat."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "te-iru",
    "pattern": "～ている",
    "structure": "Verb-te + いる/います",
    "meaning_id": "sedang ~ / dalam keadaan ~",
    "meaning_en": "is doing / is in state",
    "nuance": "Aksi berlangsung (走っている = sedang lari) atau keadaan hasil (結婚している = sudah menikah).",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "verb-form",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "今、勉強しています。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>今<rt>いま</rt></ruby>、<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>しています。",
        "translation_id": "Sekarang saya sedang belajar.",
        "translation_en": "I am studying now."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "te-kudasai",
    "pattern": "～てください",
    "structure": "Verb-te + ください",
    "meaning_id": "tolong ~ / silakan ~",
    "meaning_en": "please do ~",
    "nuance": "Permintaan sopan. Bentuk negatif: ～ないでください (jangan ~).",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "request",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "ゆっくり話してください。",
        "furigana": "ゆっくり<ruby>話<rt>はな</rt></ruby>してください。",
        "translation_id": "Tolong bicara pelan-pelan.",
        "translation_en": "Please speak slowly."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "naide-kudasai",
    "pattern": "～ないでください",
    "structure": "Verb-nai + でください",
    "meaning_id": "tolong jangan ~",
    "meaning_en": "please don't ~",
    "nuance": "Permintaan sopan untuk tidak melakukan sesuatu.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "request",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "ここで写真を撮らないでください。",
        "furigana": "ここで<ruby>写真<rt>しゃしん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>撮<rt>と</rt></ruby>らないでください。",
        "translation_id": "Tolong jangan memotret di sini.",
        "translation_en": "Please don't take photos here."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "te-mo-ii",
    "pattern": "～てもいいです",
    "structure": "Verb-te + もいいです",
    "meaning_id": "boleh ~",
    "meaning_en": "may / it's okay to ~",
    "nuance": "Memberi atau meminta izin. Pertanyaan: ～てもいいですか.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "permission",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "ここに座ってもいいですか。",
        "furigana": "ここに<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ってもいいですか。",
        "translation_id": "Bolehkah saya duduk di sini?",
        "translation_en": "May I sit here?"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "te-wa-ikemasen",
    "pattern": "～てはいけません",
    "structure": "Verb-te + はいけません",
    "meaning_id": "tidak boleh ~",
    "meaning_en": "must not / cannot",
    "nuance": "Larangan formal/aturan. Casual: ～ちゃだめ.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "permission",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。",
        "furigana": "ここでタバコを<ruby>吸<rt>す</rt></ruby>ってはいけません。",
        "translation_id": "Tidak boleh merokok di sini.",
        "translation_en": "You must not smoke here."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "nakereba-narimasen",
    "pattern": "～なければなりません",
    "structure": "Verb-nai (drop い) + ければなりません",
    "meaning_id": "harus ~ / wajib ~",
    "meaning_en": "must / have to",
    "nuance": "Kewajiban formal. Casual: ～なきゃ. Variasi: ～なくてはいけません.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "obligation",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "毎日勉強しなければなりません。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>毎日勉強<rt>まいにちべんきょう</rt></ruby>しなければなりません。",
        "translation_id": "Saya harus belajar setiap hari.",
        "translation_en": "I have to study every day."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "nakute-mo-ii",
    "pattern": "～なくてもいいです",
    "structure": "Verb-nai (drop い) + くてもいいです",
    "meaning_id": "tidak perlu ~",
    "meaning_en": "don't have to",
    "nuance": "Menyatakan bahwa sesuatu tidak diwajibkan.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "obligation",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "明日は来なくてもいいです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>明日<rt>あした</rt></ruby>は<ruby>来<rt>こ</rt></ruby>なくてもいいです。",
        "translation_id": "Besok tidak perlu datang.",
        "translation_en": "You don't have to come tomorrow."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "tai",
    "pattern": "～たい",
    "structure": "Verb-stem + たい",
    "meaning_id": "ingin ~ (keinginan diri sendiri)",
    "meaning_en": "want to ~",
    "nuance": "Untuk keinginan diri sendiri. Untuk orang ketiga: ～たがる. Konjugasi seperti i-adjective.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "desire",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "日本へ行きたいです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>日本<rt>にほん</rt></ruby>へ<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>きたいです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya ingin pergi ke Jepang.",
        "translation_en": "I want to go to Japan."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "hoshii",
    "pattern": "～が欲しい",
    "structure": "Noun + が欲しい",
    "meaning_id": "ingin (memiliki sesuatu)",
    "meaning_en": "want (to have)",
    "nuance": "Untuk benda, bukan aksi. Konjugasi seperti i-adjective.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "desire",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "新しい車が欲しいです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>新<rt>あたら</rt></ruby>しい<ruby>車<rt>くるま</rt></ruby>が<ruby>欲<rt>ほ</rt></ruby>しいです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya ingin mobil baru.",
        "translation_en": "I want a new car."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ga-suki",
    "pattern": "～が好き",
    "structure": "Noun + が好き / 嫌い / 上手 / 下手",
    "meaning_id": "suka / tidak suka / pandai / payah pada ~",
    "meaning_en": "like / dislike / good at / bad at",
    "nuance": "Objek dari 好き dll. ditandai が, bukan を.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "preference",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "音楽が好きです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>音楽<rt>おんがく</rt></ruby>が<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya suka musik.",
        "translation_en": "I like music."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "arimasu",
    "pattern": "～があります",
    "structure": "Noun (benda mati) + があります",
    "meaning_id": "ada (untuk benda mati)",
    "meaning_en": "there is / have (inanimate)",
    "nuance": "Untuk benda mati, tumbuhan, kejadian. Lawan negatif ありません.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "existence",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "机の上に本があります。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>机<rt>つくえ</rt></ruby>の<ruby>上<rt>うえ</rt></ruby>に<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>があります。",
        "translation_id": "Ada buku di atas meja.",
        "translation_en": "There is a book on the desk."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "imasu",
    "pattern": "～がいます",
    "structure": "Noun (mahkluk hidup) + がいます",
    "meaning_id": "ada (untuk makhluk hidup)",
    "meaning_en": "there is / have (animate)",
    "nuance": "Untuk manusia dan hewan. Lawan negatif いません.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "existence",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "公園に子供がいます。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>公園<rt>こうえん</rt></ruby>に<ruby>子供<rt>こども</rt></ruby>がいます。",
        "translation_id": "Ada anak-anak di taman.",
        "translation_en": "There are children in the park."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "i-adjective",
    "pattern": "i-形容詞",
    "structure": "い-adjective + Noun / です",
    "meaning_id": "kata sifat berakhiran い",
    "meaning_en": "i-adjective",
    "nuance": "Negatif: 〜くない. Lampau: 〜かった. Konjugasi tanpa です.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "adjective",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "この本は新しいです。",
        "furigana": "この<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>は<ruby>新<rt>あたら</rt></ruby>しいです。",
        "translation_id": "Buku ini baru.",
        "translation_en": "This book is new."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "na-adjective",
    "pattern": "な-形容詞",
    "structure": "な-adjective + な + Noun",
    "meaning_id": "kata sifat dengan な sebelum kata benda",
    "meaning_en": "na-adjective",
    "nuance": "Butuh な saat memodifikasi noun. Sebelum です tidak pakai な.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "adjective",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "きれいな花です。",
        "furigana": "きれいな<ruby>花<rt>はな</rt></ruby>です。",
        "translation_id": "Bunga yang indah.",
        "translation_en": "A pretty flower."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ku-nai",
    "pattern": "～くない",
    "structure": "i-adj (drop い) + くない",
    "meaning_id": "tidak ~ (negatif i-adjective)",
    "meaning_en": "not (i-adj negative)",
    "nuance": "Sopan: 〜くないです / 〜くありません.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "adjective",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "この映画は面白くないです。",
        "furigana": "この<ruby>映画<rt>えいが</rt></ruby>は<ruby>面白<rt>おもしろ</rt></ruby>くないです。",
        "translation_id": "Film ini tidak menarik.",
        "translation_en": "This movie is not interesting."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "katta",
    "pattern": "～かった",
    "structure": "i-adj (drop い) + かった",
    "meaning_id": "(lampau dari i-adjective)",
    "meaning_en": "was / were (i-adj past)",
    "nuance": "Negatif lampau: ～くなかった. Sopan + です.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "adjective",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "昨日は寒かったです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>昨日<rt>きのう</rt></ruby>は<ruby>寒<rt>さむ</rt></ruby>かったです。",
        "translation_id": "Kemarin dingin.",
        "translation_en": "Yesterday was cold."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "yori",
    "pattern": "Aは Bより ~",
    "structure": "Noun + は + Noun + より + adj",
    "meaning_id": "A lebih ~ daripada B",
    "meaning_en": "A is more ~ than B",
    "nuance": "Pola perbandingan dasar.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "comparison",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "東京は大阪より大きいです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>東京<rt>とうきょう</rt></ruby>は<ruby>大阪<rt>おおさか</rt></ruby>より<ruby>大<rt>おお</rt></ruby>きいです。",
        "translation_id": "Tokyo lebih besar daripada Osaka.",
        "translation_en": "Tokyo is bigger than Osaka."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "no-hou-ga",
    "pattern": "～のほうが ~",
    "structure": "Noun + のほうが + adj",
    "meaning_id": "~-nya lebih ~",
    "meaning_en": "~ is more ~",
    "nuance": "Sering dipasangkan dengan より untuk membandingkan dua hal.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "comparison",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "コーヒーよりお茶のほうが好きです。",
        "furigana": "コーヒーよりお<ruby>茶<rt>ちゃ</rt></ruby>のほうが<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya lebih suka teh daripada kopi.",
        "translation_en": "I like tea more than coffee."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "ichiban",
    "pattern": "～が一番 ~",
    "structure": "Noun + が一番 + adj",
    "meaning_id": "~ paling ~",
    "meaning_en": "~ is the most ~",
    "nuance": "Bentuk superlatif.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "comparison",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "夏が一番好きです。",
        "furigana": "<ruby>夏<rt>なつ</rt></ruby>が<ruby>一番好<rt>いちばんす</rt></ruby>きです。",
        "translation_id": "Saya paling suka musim panas.",
        "translation_en": "I like summer the most."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "totemo",
    "pattern": "とても ~",
    "structure": "とても + adj / adv",
    "meaning_id": "sangat ~",
    "meaning_en": "very ~",
    "nuance": "Adverb intensifier paling umum di N5.",
    "jlpt_level": "N5",
    "category": "adverb",
    "examples": [
      {
        "japanese": "この料理はとても美味しいです。",
        "furigana": "この<ruby>料理<rt>りょうり</rt></ruby>はとても<ruby>美味<rt>おい</rt></ruby>しいです。",
        "translation_id": "Masakan ini sangat enak.",
        "translation_en": "This dish is very delicious."
      }
    ]
  }
]